Zero-Configuration, Robust Indoor Localization: Theory and Experimentation
by Hyuk Lim, Lu-Chuan Kung, Jennifer C. Hou, Haiyun Luo
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| url: | http://swing.cs.uiuc.edu/papers/INFOCOM06LOC.pdf | | abstract: | With the technical advances in ubiquitous computing
and wireless networking, there has been an increasing need
to capture the context information (such as the location) and
to figure it into applications. In this paper, we establish the
theoretical base and develop a localization algorithm for building
a zero-configuration and robust indoor localization system to
support location-based network services and management. The
localization algorithm takes as input the on-line measurements of
received signal strengths (RSSs) between 802.11 APs and between
a client and its neighboring APs, and estimates the location of
the client. The on-line RSS measurements among 802.11 APs
are used to capture (in real-time) the effects of RF multi-path
fading, temperature and humidity variations, opening and closing
of doors, furniture relocation, and human mobility on the RSS
measurements, and to create, based on the truncated singular
value decomposition (SVD) technique, a mapping between the
RSS measure and the actual geographical distance.
The proposed system requires zero-configuration because the
on-line calibration of the effect of wireless physical characteristics
on RSS measurement is automated and no on-site survey or
initial training is required to bootstrap the system. It is also
quite responsive to environmental dynamics, as the impacts of
physical characteristics changes have been explicitly figured in the
mapping between the RSS measures and the actual geographical
distances. We have implemented the proposed system with
inexpensive off-the-shelf Wi-Fi hardware and sensory functions
of IEEE 802.11, and carried out a detailed empirical study in
our division building. The empirical results show the proposed
system is quite robust and gives accurate localization results (i.e.,
with the localization error within 3 meters). |
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